312 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
312 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# Beginners Speedrun to Selfhosting
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###### guide-by-example
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You want to selfhost stuff.<br>
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You know little and want to start somewhere, FAST!
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#### Requirements
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* A **spare PC** that will be the server, can be a **virtualmachine**.
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* **Google** and **chatGPT**.<br>
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If the guide says do X and the steps seem insufficient,
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you google that shit and add the word **youtube**,
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or you ask chatGPT few questions.
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#### Common terminology
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* `repository` - a place on the internet from which linux distro installs stuff.
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* `root` - a name for an administrator account in linux.
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Can also mean a place - top level path, like `c:\` is top in windows,
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root - `\` is top level in linux.
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* `sudo` - [executes](https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/b/b1/sandwich.png)
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command as root with all privilages.
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# Install a Linux
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* **Download linux iso**. I picked [Debian\(650MB\)](https://www.debian.org/)
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* *Why that linux and not xxx linux?*<br>
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* Fuck you, thats why. I am not writing a novel here.
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* Make a **bootable usb** from the iso, [ventoy](https://www.ventoy.net) is recommend. [ChatGPT](https://i.imgur.com/gODUfJm.png).
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* [Download](https://www.ventoy.net/en/download.html) ventoy; extract;
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run `Ventoy2Disk.exe`; select a usb; click install; exit;
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* Copy the Debian iso on to the usb as you would any file.
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* **Boot from the usb**, maybe on newer machines need to disable secure boot in bios
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* **Click through the installation**
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* During first time install, would recommend actually reading whats written on screen each step.<br>
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Theres also plenty of [youtube videos,](https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=installing+debian&sp=EgIIBQ%253D%253D)
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which go in to [details](https://youtu.be/rf3EN7e-34g?t=419).
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* Leave `root` password **empty**, so that sudo is installed automatically
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* this will disable root account, if you would want it, just set password for root<br>
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`sudo passwd root`
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* For username lets say `noob` with password `aaa`
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* During software selection [uncheck everything](https://i.imgur.com/MKrPMx2.png)
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except:
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* SSH server
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* standard system utilities<br>
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This linux will have no graphical interface, just command line.
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# SSH
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**SSH** - a tiny application that allows you to execute commands from your comfy
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windows PC on the damn server. [ChatGPT](https://i.imgur.com/vJjJxZT.png).
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During Debian install you should have had SSH server checked,
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so it would be installed automatically.
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If you missed it, install it with - `sudo apt install ssh`
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Now to **find IP address** of the machine so we can remotely connect to it.
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* Log in `noob` / `aaa` and be in terminal.
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* `ip r` - shows [at the end the IP](https://i.imgur.com/eGkYmKB.png) of the machine<br>
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lets say you got `192.168.1.8`<br>
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Nope I am not explaining IP addresses.
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To [check status](https://i.imgur.com/frlyy6P.png) of ssh - `systemctl status sshd`
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### Remote connect to the server
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* **install** [mobaXterm](https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/) on your windows machine
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* use it to **connect** to the server using its ip address and username
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* [have a pic](https://i.imgur.com/dHncQBv.png)
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* [have a video](https://youtu.be/A7pHiPgW2u8&t=10s)
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# Install docker
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**Docker** - a thing that makes hosting easier. People prepared *recipes*,
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you copy paste them, edit a bit, run them. Bam a container is running
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and answering at some IP. [ChatGPT](https://i.imgur.com/eyWePqj.png).
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* **install docker** - `sudo wget -O- https://get.docker.com | bash`<br>
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The above method is called
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[Install using the convenience script](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/debian/#install-using-the-convenience-script),
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cuz oldman Debian cant be bothered to keep docker up to date in its repos.
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* **add your user to docker group** so you dont need to sudo all the time<br>
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`sudo gpasswd -a noob docker`
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* log out - `exit`, log back in so the group change takes effect
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* **install [ctop](https://github.com/bcicen/ctop)** to get some basic monitoring and management.<br>
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Unfortunately ctop is also not in Debians repositories, so uglier
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[two commands](https://github.com/bcicen/ctop?tab=readme-ov-file#linux-generic) to install it:
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* `sudo wget https://github.com/bcicen/ctop/releases/download/v0.7.7/ctop-0.7.7-linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/ctop`
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* `sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ctop`
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# First docker compose
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Well, its time to learn how to create and **edit files** and copy paste shit
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in to them, IN LINUX!
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Honestly could be annoying, but mobaXterm should make it easier
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with that left directory pane that lets you move around,
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and the right/middle mouse click for paste.<br>
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But here are general linux commands to move around, using `nano` editor
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for editing files as it is simple and everywhere.
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*extra info:* `arrow-up key` in terminal will cycle through old commands in history
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* Be in your home directory, the command `cd` will always get you there.
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[ChatGPT.](https://i.imgur.com/i32So7T.png)
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* Create directory `mkdir docker`
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* Go in to it `cd docker`
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* Create directory `mkdir nginx`
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* Go in to it `cd nginx`
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* Oh look at you being all hacker in terminal, following simple directions
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* Create empty docker-compose.yml file `nano docker-compose.yml`
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* Paste in to it this *recipe*, spacing matters
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```
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services:
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nginx:
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image: nginx:latest
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container_name: nginx
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hostname: nginx
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ports:
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- "80:80"
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```
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* Save using `ctrl+s`; exit `ctrl+x`
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* Run command `sudo docker compose up -d`<br>
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[This is what it should look like](https://imgur.com/a/vtHYNr9)
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* You can run `ctop` to see container status, resource use, logs,
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details, or to exec in to the container. [Like so.](https://imgur.com/a/ChGjk7i)
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* on your windows machine go to your browser<br>
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in address bar put the ip of your server `192.168.1.8` bam<br>
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You should see the pic above - **Welcome to nginx!**
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*extra info:* it should actually be`192.168.1.8:80`,
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with the port 80 we see in the compose being used in the url too.
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But since port 80 is the default http port, it is what browsers go for anyway.
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### understanding what you just did
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* On a linux server a docker container is running, its a webserver and it is
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accessible for others on your network.<br>
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Most of selfhosted stuff is just webserver with some database.
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* If this part is done that means that shit like hosting own netflix(jellyfin),
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or google drive/calendar/photos(nextcloud), or own password manager(vaultwarden)
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or own minecraft server(minecraft server) is just one `docker-compose.yml` away.
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### understanding what you did not get done
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* this shit is on your own local network, not accessible from the outside.
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Cant call the grandma and tell her to write `192.168.1.8` in to her browser
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to see your awesome nginx welcome running.
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She tells you that the dumb fuck you are, you do not have public IP and ports
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forwarded.<br>
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To get that working is bit challenging, probably deserves own page,
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not really speedrun, but thorough steps as shit gets sideways fast and people
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can dick around for hours trying wrong shit.
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* everything here is just basic setup that breaks easily,
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server got dynamic IP, turn it off for a weekend and it might get a different ip
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assigned next time it starts. Nginx container is not set to start on boot,...
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* you dont understand how this shit works, deploying more complicated stuff,
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fixing not working stuff be hard, but now you can start to consume all
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the guides and tutorials on docker compose and try stuff...
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# WebGUI
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* *my recommendation is to not abandon the ssh + terminal. Persevere.
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Use it, make it comfortable, natural, not foreign and bothersome.
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This is what gets you proficiency and ability to solve problems...
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but I understand*
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Several options to manage docker using a website.
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* Portainer CE - the most popular, deployed as a container, they started to push hard
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their paid version so fuck em
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* **CasaOS** - simple install, seems nice and growing in popularity
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* **Dockge** - a very new one, but seems nice and simple
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* TrueNAS SCALE - NAS operating systems with docker managment
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* openmediavault - NAS operating systems with docker managment
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* Unraid - paid NAS operating systems with docker managment
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# CasaOS
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[The official site](https://casaos.io)
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Easy to also create public shares, easy to deploy docker popular docker
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containers from their *"app store"*
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#### Installation
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* `docker compose down` any containers you run, or remove them in ctop, or
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do clean Debian install again
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* To install CasaOS execute:<br>
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`sudo wget -O- https://get.casaos.io | sudo bash`
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* Afterwards, it tells the ip to visit.
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* First login set credentials
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---
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<details>
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<summary><b><font size="+1">Create a network share </font></b></summary>
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[share.webm](https://github.com/DoTheEvo/selfhosted-apps-docker/assets/1690300/c640665f-9400-4cf2-949b-07753ad8a86c)
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</details>
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---
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---
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<details>
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<summary><b><font size="+1">Deploy Crafty - Minecraft server manager</font></b></summary>
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[crafty.webm](https://github.com/DoTheEvo/selfhosted-apps-docker/assets/1690300/ea163089-5329-4530-8361-83bb526fbe2d)
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</details>
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---
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---
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<details>
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<summary><b><font size="+1">Deploy Jellyfin - selfhosted netflix</font></b></summary>
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[jellyfin.webm](https://github.com/DoTheEvo/selfhosted-apps-docker/assets/1690300/0dac601a-f159-4745-abc1-1279b25875dd)
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</details>
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---
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---
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<details>
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<summary><b><font size="+1">Deploy something not in the app store</font></b></summary>
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test
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</details>
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---
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---
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# Dockge
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Beginners hate terminal.
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[Dockge](https://github.com/louislam/dockge) comes to the rescue with its web interface.
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Same as nginx example was deployed, we deploy dockge
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using slightly edited compose file from their
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[github page.](https://github.com/louislam/dockge/blob/master/compose.yaml)
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* Create a new directory dockge `mkdir ~/docker/dockge`
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* Go in to the docker directory `cd ~/docker/dockge`
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* Create an empty docker-compose.yml file `nano docker-compose.yml`
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* Paste the *recipe*, spacing matters
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```
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services:
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dockge:
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image: louislam/dockge:1
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container_name: dockge
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hostname: dockge
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restart: unless-stopped
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ports:
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- "5001:5001"
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volumes:
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- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
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- ./data:/app/data
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- /opt/stacks:/opt/stacks
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environment:
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- DOCKGE_STACKS_DIR=/opt/stacks
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```
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* Save using `ctrl+s`; exit `ctrl+x`
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* Run command `sudo docker compose up -d`<br>
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* on your windows machine go to your browser<br>
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in address bar put the ip of your server `192.168.1.8:5001` bam<br>
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Now you can do stuff from webgui, pasting compose and .env files.
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## where to go from here
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Google and consume docker tutorials and videos and try to spinning up
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some containers.<br>
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Heres some stuff I encountered and liked.
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* [8 min video on docker](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIrNIzy6U_g)
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* [docker compose cheat sheet](https://devopscycle.com/blog/the-ultimate-docker-compose-cheat-sheet/)
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* [Good stuff](https://adamtheautomator.com/docker-compose-tutorial/)
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* [https://devopswithdocker.com/getting-started](https://devopswithdocker.com/getting-started)
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* [NetworkChuck](https://www.youtube.com/@NetworkChuck/videos)
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\- youtube channel
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has some decent stuff, specificly [this docker networking](https://youtu.be/bKFMS5C4CG0)
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video is fucking great and the general
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[introduction to docker compose](https://youtu.be/DM65_JyGxCo) is good too.
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* [Christian Lempa](https://www.youtube.com/@christianlempa/search?query=docker)
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\- lot of videos about docker
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Check of course [this github repo you are in right](https://github.com/DoTheEvo/selfhosted-apps-docker)
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for some stuff to deploy.
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